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Why Arresting One “King” Doesn’t End the Fentanyl Trade

Day 2

一人の「キング」を逮捕してもフェンタニル取引は終わらない理由

Organized crime networks and the fentanyl trade

When US authorities announced the arrest of Zhang Zhidong, also known as the “Fentanyl King,” many people hoped it would significantly weaken the illegal fentanyl trade. However, investigators and researchers who study organized crime warn that removing one influential figure rarely brings down an entire criminal network.

米国当局が張志東(別名「フェンタニル・キング」)の逮捕を発表したとき、多くの人は違法なフェンタニル取引が大幅に弱体化することを期待しました。しかし、組織犯罪を研究する捜査官や研究者は、影響力のある一人を排除しても、犯罪ネットワーク全体が倒れることはまれだと警告しています。

According to people familiar with Mexico’s drug cartels, Zhang’s arrest certainly created confusion. Business was temporarily affected because he had built important relationships with chemical suppliers and played a central role in coordinating shipments. Even so, cartel members reportedly believed someone else would soon take over his responsibilities. In organizations that expect arrests, replacements are often prepared long before they are needed.

メキシコの麻薬カルテルに詳しい人々によると、張の逮捕は確かに混乱を生みました。彼が化学物質の供給業者と重要な関係を築き、積み荷の調整で中心的役割を果たしていたため、ビジネスは一時的に影響を受けました。それでもカルテルのメンバーは、まもなく誰かがその責任を引き継ぐだろうと考えていたと報じられています。逮捕を予想している組織では、必要になるずっと前から後任が用意されていることが少なくありません。

This reflects an important characteristic of organized crime. Successful criminal groups are rarely built around a single individual. Instead, they operate through flexible networks in which different people specialize in manufacturing, transportation, finance, or international contacts. If one link disappears, the organization searches for another person who can perform a similar function.

これは組織犯罪の重要な特徴を反映しています。成功している犯罪グループが単一の個人を軸に築かれることはまれです。代わりに、製造、輸送、金融、国際的な接点にそれぞれの人が専門化した、柔軟なネットワークを通じて活動します。一つの輪が消えれば、組織は同様の機能を果たせる別の人物を探します。

The economics behind the fentanyl trade also make it difficult to eliminate. As long as demand remains high, suppliers have a strong financial incentive to continue operating. New intermediaries emerge because the profits are enormous, even though the legal risks are equally severe. Simply removing one participant does little to change these underlying incentives.

フェンタニル取引の背後にある経済構造も、根絶を難しくしています。需要が高い限り、供給業者には事業を続ける強力な金銭的動機があります。法的リスクも同様に深刻であるにもかかわらず、利益が莫大なため、新しい仲介者が現れます。単に一人の参加者を排除しても、こうした根本的な動機をほとんど変えられません。

Some experts therefore argue that law enforcement alone cannot solve the problem. Arrests remain important because they disrupt criminal operations, gather intelligence, and demonstrate that international cooperation can produce results. Yet they are only one part of a broader strategy that also includes reducing demand, expanding addiction treatment, improving border enforcement, and controlling the international trade in precursor chemicals.

したがって一部の専門家は、法執行だけでは問題を解決できないと主張します。逮捕は犯罪活動を混乱させ、情報を集め、国際協力が成果を生みうることを示すため、依然として重要です。しかしそれらは、需要の削減、依存症治療の拡大、国境取締りの強化、前駆体化学物質の国際取引の管理も含む、より広範な戦略の一部にすぎません。

The fentanyl crisis also highlights how globalized illegal markets have become. Chemicals may be manufactured in one country, processed in another, transported through several others, and finally sold thousands of kilometres away. Combating such networks requires governments to cooperate across legal systems, languages, and political interests—a far more complicated task than arresting a single suspect.

フェンタニル危機はまた、違法市場がいかにグローバル化したかを浮き彫りにします。化学物質はある国で製造され、別の国で加工され、さらにいくつかの国を経て輸送され、最終的に何千キロも離れた場所で売られることがあります。こうしたネットワークと戦うには、政府が法制度、言語、政治的利害を超えて協力する必要があり、一人の容疑者を逮捕するよりはるかに複雑な課題です。

Zhang Zhidong’s trial will determine his legal responsibility. Regardless of the outcome, however, his case illustrates a broader lesson: organized crime often behaves like a resilient business. Removing one executive does not necessarily shut down the company if the market, infrastructure, and customers all remain in place.

張志東の裁判が、彼の法的責任を明らかにします。しかし結果にかかわらず、彼の事件はより広い教訓を示しています。組織犯罪はしばしば強靭なビジネスのように振る舞います。市場、インフラ、顧客がすべて残っているなら、一人の幹部を排除しても会社が必ずしも閉じるわけではありません。

For that reason, many specialists believe the real challenge is not simply catching one “king,” but weakening the system that allows another to replace him.

そのため、多くの専門家は、本当の課題は単に一人の「キング」を捕まえることではなく、別の者が彼の代わりになることを許すシステムを弱体化することだと考えています。

Vocabulary

  1. organized crime — criminal activities carried out by structured groups over a long period. Example: Governments often cooperate internationally to combat organized crime.
  2. underlying incentive — the fundamental reason that motivates behaviour. Example: The policy failed because it did not address the underlying incentive.
  3. law enforcement — the organizations responsible for preventing crime and enforcing the law. Example: Law enforcement agencies from several countries worked together on the investigation.
  4. precursor chemicals — chemicals used to produce another substance, including illegal drugs. Example: Several countries have tightened controls on precursor chemicals.
  5. addiction treatment — medical or psychological care designed to help people overcome substance dependence. Example: Experts say addiction treatment is essential for reducing long-term demand.
  6. resilient — able to recover quickly or continue functioning despite difficulties. Example: The organization proved surprisingly resilient after several senior members were arrested.
  7. infrastructure — the basic systems and networks needed for an organization or society to operate. Example: The criminal infrastructure remained intact despite the arrests.
  8. coordinate — to organize different people or activities so they work together effectively. Example: The suspect allegedly coordinated shipments between multiple countries.
  9. broader strategy — a wider, more comprehensive plan that includes several different approaches. Example: Most experts recommend a broader strategy rather than relying on arrests alone.

Comprehension Questions

  1. Why did Zhang Zhidong’s arrest initially affect cartel operations?

    張志東の逮捕が当初カルテルの活動に影響したのはなぜですか?

  2. Why do criminal organizations often recover after senior members are arrested?

    上級メンバーが逮捕された後でも、犯罪組織がしばしば回復するのはなぜですか?

  3. What economic factor encourages new intermediaries to replace arrested traffickers?

    逮捕された密売人の代わりに新しい仲介者が現れるよう促す経済的要因は何ですか?

  4. Why do experts believe law enforcement alone is insufficient?

    専門家が法執行だけでは不十分だと考えるのはなぜですか?

  5. Besides arrests, what measures does the article suggest?

    逮捕以外に、記事はどのような措置を提案していますか?

  6. Why is international cooperation necessary in combating fentanyl trafficking?

    フェンタニル密売と戦うために国際協力が必要なのはなぜですか?

  7. What comparison does the article make between organized crime and legitimate businesses?

    記事は組織犯罪と正当なビジネスの間にどのような比較をしていますか?

  8. What does the article identify as the real long-term challenge?

    記事は長期的な本当の課題として何を挙げていますか?

Discussion Questions

  1. Why are resilient organizations—both legal and illegal—able to survive the loss of important individuals?

    合法・違法を問わず、強靭な組織が重要な個人の損失を生き延びられるのはなぜですか?

  2. Which is likely to have a greater long-term impact: reducing demand or increasing arrests? Why?

    需要の削減と逮捕の増加のどちらが、より大きな長期的影響を持ちそうですか?その理由は?

  3. How can countries cooperate without unnecessarily restricting legitimate international trade?

    正当な国際貿易を過度に制限せずに、国々はどのように協力できますか?

  4. What lessons can businesses learn about risk management from the way criminal organizations prepare for leadership changes?

    犯罪組織が指導者の交代に備える方法から、企業はリスク管理についてどのような教訓を学べますか?

  5. Should governments devote more resources to addiction treatment, border enforcement, or international investigations? Explain your reasoning.

    政府は依存症治療、国境取締り、国際捜査のどれにより多くの資源を割くべきですか?理由を説明してください。

  6. Can global problems such as drug trafficking ever be solved by one country acting alone?

    薬物密売のような地球規模の問題は、一国単独の行動で解決できるでしょうか?

Speaking Task

  1. Imagine you are summarizing today’s article for a colleague. In about one minute, explain: why Zhang Zhidong’s arrest did not necessarily stop the fentanyl trade, how criminal organizations adapt when leaders are arrested, why demand plays such an important role, and what experts believe is needed to reduce the problem in the long term.

    同僚に今日の記事を要約していると想像してください。約1分間で、張志東の逮捕が必ずしもフェンタニル取引を止めなかった理由、指導者が逮捕されたときに犯罪組織がどう適応するか、需要がなぜそれほど重要か、専門家が長期的に問題を減らすために何が必要と考えているかを説明してください。