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Why Is Support for Israel Changing?

Day 1

イスラエルへの支持はなぜ変わりつつあるのか

US Capitol at dusk suggesting a congressional foreign policy debate

For decades, support for Israel was one of the more durable areas of bipartisan agreement in Washington. Democratic and Republican leaders often disagreed sharply on domestic policy, but major packages of military assistance to Israel generally received broad support. A recent vote in the House of Representatives suggests that this consensus is becoming less automatic.

何十年ものあいだ、イスラエルへの支持はワシントンにおける超党派合意の、より持続的な領域の一つでした。民主党と共和党の指導者は国内政策ではしばしば鋭く対立しましたが、イスラエルへの軍事援助の主要なパッケージは一般に幅広い支持を受けました。下院での最近の投票は、この合意が自動的ではなくなりつつあることを示唆しています。

The proposal was introduced by Republican Representative Thomas Massie as an amendment to a State Department funding bill. It sought to remove approximately $3.3 billion in annual security assistance to Israel. The amendment was defeated by 314 votes to 104, so the funding remained in place. What drew attention, however, was not the final outcome but the composition of the minority: 103 Democrats and only one Republican voted for the amendment.

この提案は、共和党のトーマス・マッシー下院議員が国務省の歳出法案への修正案として提出したものでした。イスラエルへの年間約33億ドルの安全保障援助を削除することを目指しました。修正案は314対104で否決され、資金は維持されました。しかし注目を集めたのは最終結果ではなく、少数派の構成でした。修正案に賛成したのは民主党103人と共和党わずか1人でした。

The vote did not mean that most members of Congress had turned against Israel. A clear majority still supported continuing the assistance. Nor did every lawmaker who backed the amendment necessarily hold the same position. Some objected to Israel’s conduct in Gaza, some opposed providing military aid without stronger conditions, and Massie has traditionally objected to foreign assistance on broader fiscal and non-interventionist grounds.

この投票は、議会の大多数がイスラエルに敵対したことを意味しません。明確な多数は依然として援助の継続を支持していました。修正案を支持した議員全員が必ずしも同じ立場だったわけでもありません。ガザでのイスラエルの行動に異議を唱える人もいれば、より強い条件なしの軍事援助に反対する人もおり、マッシーは伝統的に、より広い財政的・不介入主義的な理由から対外援助に異議を唱えてきました。

Nevertheless, the Democratic vote was politically significant. Criticism that was once concentrated among a relatively small progressive group has spread to a much larger section of the party. Some senior Democrats also broke with colleagues who favored maintaining the aid, indicating that the disagreement can no longer be dismissed as a marginal revolt. The vote exposed a genuine fracture within a party that had previously been more unified on the issue.

それでも、民主党の投票は政治的に重要でした。かつて比較的小さな進歩派グループに集中していた批判が、党のはるかに大きな部分に広がっています。一部の民主党幹部も援助維持を支持する同僚と決別し、意見の対立をもはや周辺的な反乱として切り捨てられないことを示しています。投票は、以前はこの問題でより統一されていた党内の真の亀裂を露呈しました。

Several forces appear to be driving the change. The prolonged war in Gaza and the scale of Palestinian civilian suffering have made unconditional military support harder for many Democratic voters and lawmakers to defend. Younger and more progressive voters are especially likely to question whether the United States should continue supplying weapons without attaching stricter requirements to their use.

いくつかの力が変化を推進しているように見えます。ガザでの長期化した戦争とパレスチナ民間人の苦しみの規模が、多くの民主党有権者と議員にとって無条件の軍事支援を擁護しにくくしています。より若く進歩的な有権者は特に、米国が使用に関するより厳格な要件を付けずに武器供給を続けるべきかを疑問視しやすいです。

Frustration with the Israeli government is another major factor. Some Democrats who continue to support Israel’s security strongly oppose the policies and leadership of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. For them, reducing or conditioning aid is not necessarily a rejection of Israel as a country. It may instead be an attempt to influence a particular government and to signal that an alliance does not eliminate accountability.

イスラエル政府への不満も大きな要因です。イスラエルの安全保障を支持し続ける一部の民主党員は、ベンジャミン・ネタニヤフ首相の政策と指導に強く反対しています。彼らにとって、援助の削減や条件付けは、必ずしも国としてのイスラエルの拒否ではありません。代わりに、特定の政府に影響を与え、同盟が説明責任をなくすわけではないことを示す試みかもしれません。

Electoral pressure also matters. Candidates who criticize existing U.S. policy toward Israel have gained influence in some Democratic primaries, encouraging incumbent lawmakers to reconsider positions that may once have seemed politically safe. Members of Congress do not vote only according to personal conviction; they also watch changes among voters, activists, donors, and challengers within their own party.

選挙圧力も重要です。既存の対イスラエル米国政策を批判する候補者が一部の民主党予備選挙で影響力を得ており、現職議員に、かつて政治的に安全に見えた立場の再考を促しています。国会議員は個人的信念だけに従って投票するのではなく、有権者、活動家、献金者、党内の挑戦者の変化も見守ります。

At the same time, the result should not be interpreted as a complete political realignment. Nearly half of House Democrats voted against the amendment, and ten voted present. Some argued that the proposal was too sweeping or that continued aid was necessary for Israel’s defense. Others may support restrictions on particular weapons while opposing the removal of the entire funding package.

同時に、結果を完全な政治的再編と解釈すべきではありません。下院民主党のほぼ半数が修正案に反対し、10人が出席投票しました。提案があまりに包括的だ、あるいは援助の継続がイスラエルの防衛に必要だと主張する人もいました。他の人々は、特定の武器への制限を支持しつつ、資金パッケージ全体の削除には反対するかもしれません。

The most important development, therefore, is not that American support for Israel has disappeared. It is that such support is becoming more contested and conditional. A policy once treated as an almost fixed feature of U.S. foreign affairs is now the subject of an increasingly public debate. The amendment failed, but the vote showed that the political ground beneath it has shifted.

したがって最も重要な展開は、イスラエルへのアメリカの支持が消えたことではありません。そのような支持がより争われ、条件付きになりつつあることです。かつて米国の対外関係のほとんど固定した特徴として扱われた政策が、いまますます公の議論の対象になっています。修正案は失敗しましたが、投票は、その下にある政治的地盤が動いたことを示しました。

Vocabulary

  1. durable — able to continue for a long time without weakening or disappearing. Example: The two countries maintained a durable strategic partnership.
  2. bipartisan consensus — broad agreement between the two main political parties. Example: Military assistance had long rested on a bipartisan consensus.
  3. composition — the way in which a group is formed from different people or parts. Example: The composition of the minority made the vote politically significant.
  4. non-interventionist — opposed to becoming deeply involved in the affairs or conflicts of other countries. Example: The lawmaker defended his position on non-interventionist grounds.
  5. marginal — having little influence, importance, or support. Example: The proposal can no longer be treated as a marginal position.
  6. fracture — a serious division within a group, organization, or relationship. Example: The vote exposed a growing fracture inside the party.
  7. attach conditions to — to require certain rules or obligations to be met before providing something. Example: Some lawmakers want to attach conditions to future military aid.
  8. incumbent — a person who currently holds an elected position. Example: Several incumbent lawmakers are facing challenges in party primaries.
  9. political realignment — a major and lasting change in the groups, ideas, or alliances that shape politics. Example: One congressional vote does not necessarily amount to a political realignment.

Comprehension Questions

  1. What did the proposed amendment seek to remove?

    提案された修正案は何の削除を目指しましたか?

  2. Why was the vote noteworthy even though the amendment failed?

    修正案が失敗したにもかかわらず、その投票が注目に値したのはなぜですか?

  3. Why did the lawmakers supporting the amendment not necessarily share the same motives?

    修正案を支持した議員が必ずしも同じ動機を共有していなかったのはなぜですか?

  4. What does the vote suggest about divisions inside the Democratic Party?

    その投票は民主党内の分裂について何を示唆していますか?

  5. How has the war in Gaza affected the debate over U.S. assistance?

    ガザでの戦争は、米国の援助をめぐる議論にどう影響しましたか?

  6. Why is opposition to Netanyahu’s government not necessarily the same as opposition to Israel?

    ネタニヤフ政権への反対が、必ずしもイスラエルへの反対と同じではないのはなぜですか?

  7. Why should the result not yet be described as a complete political realignment?

    その結果をまだ完全な政治的再編と描写すべきではないのはなぜですか?

Discussion Questions

  1. Should military assistance to an ally ever be unconditional?

    同盟国への軍事援助は、決して無条件であるべきではないですか?

  2. Can reducing aid strengthen an alliance by creating accountability, or does it mainly weaken trust?

    援助の削減は説明責任を生むことで同盟を強化できますか、それとも主に信頼を弱めますか?

  3. How should lawmakers balance personal conviction with the changing views of their voters?

    議員は個人的信念と有権者の変化する見解をどうバランスすべきですか?

  4. Is voting against assistance to a country necessarily a sign of opposition to that country?

    ある国への援助に反対して投票することは、必ずしもその国への反対のしるしですか?

  5. Should civilian harm caused during a war affect the military support provided by an allied government?

    戦争中に生じる民間人の被害は、同盟国政府が提供する軍事支援に影響を与えるべきですか?

  6. When does disagreement within a political party become evidence of a broader political realignment?

    政党内の意見の対立は、いつより広い政治的再編の証拠になりますか?

Speaking Task

  1. A lawmaker says: “Supporting an ally means continuing military assistance even when we disagree with its government.” Respond to this argument. In your answer, discuss: the difference between supporting a country and supporting its current government; whether military aid should carry conditions; the responsibilities of allies; civilian harm and accountability; and the possible consequences of reducing assistance.

    ある議員が「同盟国を支持することは、その政府に反対しても軍事援助を続けることを意味する」と言います。この主張に答えてください。答えでは、国を支持することと現政権を支持することの違い、軍事援助に条件が付くべきか、同盟国の責任、民間人の被害と説明責任、援助削減の起こりうる結果について述べてください。