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Why Is Pope Leo XIV Talking About AI?

Day 1

教皇レオ14世はなぜAIについて語っているのか

Vatican architecture at dusk suggesting papal teaching on modern technology

In May 2026, Pope Leo XIV released his first encyclical, Magnifica humanitas, focusing on artificial intelligence and its effects on human life. He warned that AI could deepen inequality, weaken human relationships, and concentrate power unless it was guided by human wisdom and responsibility. His concern attracted attention far beyond the Catholic world: Why was a religious leader speaking so forcefully about a modern technology?

2026年5月、教皇レオ14世は最初の回勅『Magnifica humanitas』を発表し、人工知能とそれが人間の生活に与える影響に焦点を当てました。彼は、AIが人間の知恵と責任に導かれなければ、不平等を深め、人間関係を弱め、権力を集中させうると警告しました。その懸念はカトリック世界をはるかに超えて注目を集めました。なぜ宗教指導者が現代技術についてこれほど力強く語っているのか?

The Pope is the head of the Catholic Church, but his public role is not limited to worship or religious teaching. Popes have long spoken about war, poverty, migration, environmental damage, economic injustice, and other questions affecting society as a whole. The Church considers such matters relevant because they influence how people live, work, treat one another, and protect the most vulnerable.

教皇はカトリック教会の長ですが、その公的役割は礼拝や宗教的教えに限定されません。教皇は長いあいだ、戦争、貧困、移住、環境破壊、経済的不正義、社会全体に影響する他の問題について語ってきました。教会は、それらが人々の生き方、働き方、互いの扱い方、最も弱い人々の守り方に影響するため、そのような事柄を関連があると考えます。

One important way a pope presents his thinking is through an encyclical. This is a formal teaching document addressed primarily to Catholic leaders and believers. However, an encyclical may examine an issue with consequences far beyond the Church. Previous papal documents have influenced debates about labor rights, peace, development, and climate change. Governments, academics, employers, and civil-society organizations may therefore pay attention even when they do not share the Church’s religious beliefs.

教皇が考えを示す重要な方法の一つが回勅です。これは主にカトリックの指導者と信者に宛てられた正式な教導文書です。しかし回勅は、教会をはるかに超える結果を伴う問題を検討することがあります。これまでの教皇文書は、労働権、平和、開発、気候変動についての議論に影響を与えてきました。したがって政府、学者、雇用主、市民社会組織は、教会の宗教的信念を共有していなくても注目することがあります。

Leo XIV’s message does not argue that AI should simply be rejected. He recognizes that technology can support medicine, education, scientific research, communication, and many other areas of life. His central question is whether technological progress will serve people or whether people will gradually be required to serve the systems they have created.

レオ14世のメッセージは、AIを単に拒否すべきだと主張するものではありません。彼は、技術が医療、教育、科学研究、コミュニケーション、その他多くの生活領域を支えうることを認めています。中心的な問いは、技術の進歩が人々に奉仕するのか、それとも人々が自ら作ったシステムに徐々に奉仕することを求められるのかです。

This concern is connected to the Catholic idea of human dignity: every person has worth that does not depend on intelligence, productivity, wealth, age, or usefulness. From this perspective, a system becomes dangerous when it treats workers as disposable, reduces people to data, or gives machines authority over decisions that profoundly affect human lives. AI is therefore not only a technical matter. It is also a social and moral question.

この懸念は、カトリックの人間の尊厳の考えと結びついています。すべての人は、知性、生産性、富、年齢、有用性に依存しない価値を持つ、という考えです。この観点から、システムは労働者を使い捨てとして扱い、人をデータに還元し、人間の生活に深く影響する決定の権限を機械に与えるとき、危険になります。したがってAIは技術的な事柄だけではありません。社会的・道徳的な問いでもあります。

The title Magnifica humanitas can be understood as a celebration of the greatness of humanity. The document asks what may be lost if machines increasingly imitate human language, judgment, creativity, and companionship. Efficiency may improve, but efficiency alone cannot determine what kind of society people should build.

『Magnifica humanitas』という題名は、人間性の偉大さの賛美として理解できます。文書は、機械が人間の言語、判断、創造性、伴侶性をますます模倣するなら、何が失われうるかを問います。効率は向上するかもしれませんが、効率だけでは、人々がどのような社会を築くべきかを決められません。

The Pope’s intervention may seem unusual, but it follows a long-standing tradition. The Catholic Church has repeatedly responded to periods of major economic and technological change by asking who benefits, who bears the costs, and how human beings can remain at the center of progress.

教皇の介入は異例に見えるかもしれませんが、長年の伝統に従っています。カトリック教会は、大規模な経済・技術変化の時期に繰り返し対応し、誰が利益を得るか、誰が費用を負うか、人間がどう進歩の中心にとどまれるかを問うてきました。

Leo XIV’s choice of name offers an important clue. He has explained that he was inspired by Pope Leo XIII, who confronted the social disruption caused by the Industrial Revolution more than a century ago. Understanding that historical connection helps explain why today’s Pope sees AI not as an isolated invention, but as the beginning of another transformation in work and society.

レオ14世の名前の選択は重要な手がかりを与えます。彼は、1世紀以上前に産業革命が引き起こした社会的混乱に向き合った教皇レオ13世に触発されたと説明しています。その歴史的つながりを理解することは、今日の教皇がAIを孤立した発明ではなく、仕事と社会における別の変革の始まりと見なす理由を説明する助けになります。

Vocabulary

  1. concern — a feeling of worry about a possible problem or danger. Example: The rapid development of AI has become a major concern for governments and researchers.
  2. religious leader — a person who guides or represents a religious community. Example: The religious leader spoke about poverty as well as matters of faith.
  3. Catholic Church — the worldwide Christian Church led by the Pope. Example: The Catholic Church has often commented on social and economic questions.
  4. encyclical — an official teaching document issued by the Pope. Example: The Pope used his first encyclical to address the effects of artificial intelligence.
  5. issue — an important subject or problem that people discuss or debate. Example: The use of AI in employment has become a political and economic issue.
  6. human dignity — the idea that every person possesses fundamental worth and deserves respect. Example: The policy was criticized for failing to protect human dignity.
  7. humanity — human beings collectively, or the qualities that make people human. Example: Technology should contribute to the well-being of humanity.
  8. moral — relating to beliefs about what is right, wrong, fair, or responsible. Example: The decision raised moral questions as well as technical ones.
  9. long-standing — having existed or continued for a long time. Example: The Church has a long-standing tradition of speaking about social justice.

Comprehension Questions

  1. What document did Pope Leo XIV release about artificial intelligence?

    教皇レオ14世は人工知能についてどのような文書を発表しましたか?

  2. Why do popes speak about subjects outside religious worship?

    教皇が宗教的礼拝以外の主題について語るのはなぜですか?

  3. What is an encyclical?

    回勅とは何ですか?

  4. Does Leo XIV argue that AI should be completely rejected?

    レオ14世は、AIを完全に拒否すべきだと主張していますか?

  5. What does human dignity mean in the context of the article?

    記事の文脈で、人間の尊厳とは何を意味しますか?

  6. Why does the Pope consider AI a moral as well as a technical issue?

    教皇がAIを技術的な問題であると同時に道徳的な問題だと考えるのはなぜですか?

  7. What does Leo XIV’s choice of name suggest about his view of AI?

    レオ14世の名前の選択は、AIについての彼の見方について何を示唆していますか?

Discussion Questions

  1. Should religious leaders contribute to public debates about technology even when many citizens do not share their beliefs?

    多くの市民が信念を共有していなくても、宗教指導者は技術についての公の議論に貢献すべきですか?

  2. What can a religious or moral perspective add to a debate that is often led by engineers, companies, and governments?

    しばしば技術者、企業、政府が主導する議論に、宗教的または道徳的視点は何を加えられますか?

  3. Which decisions involving AI should never be based on efficiency alone?

    AIに関わるどの決定は、決して効率だけに基づくべきではありませんか?

  4. Can a person support technological progress while remaining deeply concerned about its social consequences?

    人は、技術進歩の社会的結果を深く懸念しつつ、技術進歩を支持できますか?

  5. What aspects of humanity could become more valuable as machines become more capable?

    機械がより有能になるにつれ、人間性のどのような側面がより価値あるものになりえますか?

  6. Who should have the greatest influence over the future of AI: technology companies, governments, experts, or the wider public?

    AIの将来に最も大きな影響力を持つべきなのは誰ですか。テクノロジー企業、政府、専門家、それともより広い公衆ですか?

Speaking Task

  1. Some people argue: “Religious institutions should concentrate on faith and leave artificial intelligence to scientists and technology companies.” Respond to this view. Discuss: whether AI is only a technical issue; the importance of human dignity; who is affected by technological change; what religious or moral traditions may contribute; and who should participate in deciding how AI is used.

    一部の人は「宗教機関は信仰に集中し、人工知能は科学者とテクノロジー企業に任せるべきだ」と主張します。この見解に答えてください。AIが技術的な問題だけかどうか、人間の尊厳の重要性、技術変化の影響を受けるのは誰か、宗教的または道徳的伝統が何を貢献しうるか、AIの使われ方を決めるのに誰が参加すべきかについて述べてください。