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Why Did the Yen Fall After Japan Raised Interest Rates?

日本が金利を引き上げたのに、円はなぜ下がったのか

Japanese yen coins and a falling exchange-rate chart suggesting a weaker yen after a rate hike

In September 2026, the Bank of Japan raised its benchmark interest rate from 1.0 percent to 1.25 percent, its highest level since 1995. Higher interest rates usually make a currency more attractive to investors. However, the yen fell by as much as 1.3 percent against the dollar after the announcement. Why did the market react in the opposite way?

2026年9月、日本銀行は政策金利を1.0パーセントから1.25パーセントへ引き上げました。これは1995年以来の最高水準です。金利の上昇は通常、通貨を投資家にとってより魅力的にします。しかし発表のあと、円は対ドルで最大1.3パーセント下落しました。市場はなぜ逆の反応をしたのでしょうか?

Our earlier article, Why Japan’s Weak Yen Is So Difficult to Reverse, explained how the interest-rate gap between Japan and the United States has contributed to the yen’s decline. Readers who would like a fuller explanation of that relationship can refer to the earlier article. The latest decision adds another important lesson: exchange rates respond not only to interest rates, but also to what financial markets expected before the announcement.

以前の記事「なぜ円安は簡単に元に戻せないのか」では、日本と米国の金利差が円安にどう寄与してきたかを説明しました。その関係についてより詳しい説明がほしい読者は、以前の記事を参照できます。今回の決定はもう一つの重要な教訓を加えます。為替レートは金利だけでなく、発表前に金融市場が何を予想していたかにも反応するということです。

The 0.25-point increase was widely expected. Investors had already bought and sold currencies on the assumption that the Bank of Japan would raise its rate to 1.25 percent. In market language, the decision had already been priced in. When an expected event finally happens, it may have little positive effect on a currency because traders have already reacted to it.

0.25ポイントの引き上げは広く予想されていました。投資家はすでに、日本銀行が金利を1.25パーセントへ引き上げるという前提で通貨を売買していました。市場の言葉では、その決定はすでに織り込まれていました。予想された出来事が最終的に起きても、トレーダーがすでに反応しているため、通貨へのプラスの効果はほとんどないかもしれません。

Investors were also watching the Bank of Japan’s forward guidance—its signals about future policy. Two of the nine policy board members opposed the increase, and Governor Kazuo Ueda did not promise that another rise would come on a fixed schedule. This dissent suggested that future decisions could remain difficult. Some investors therefore concluded that Japanese rates might not rise as quickly as they had hoped.

投資家はまた、日本銀行のフォワードガイダンス、つまり将来の政策に関するシグナルも見ていました。政策委員9人のうち2人が引き上げに反対し、植田和男総裁は次の引き上げが固定の日程で来ると約束しませんでした。この反対意見は、将来の決定が引き続き難しい可能性を示唆しました。したがって一部の投資家は、日本の金利が彼らが望んでいたほど速く上がらないかもしれないと結論づけました。

Interest rates are also relative. Japan’s rate may have increased, but rates in the United States and Europe were rising as well. If the gap between Japanese and American returns does not narrow significantly, dollar assets may remain more attractive than yen assets. A Japanese rate rise does not automatically strengthen the yen when other central banks are moving in the same direction.

金利はまた、相対的なものです。日本の金利は上がったかもしれませんが、米国と欧州の金利も上がっていました。日本と米国のリターンの差が大きく狭まらなければ、ドル資産は円資産より魅力的なままかもしれません。他の中央銀行が同じ方向に動いているとき、日本の金利上昇は自動的に円を強くするわけではありません。

The Bank of Japan is not raising rates simply to increase the yen’s value. Its main responsibility is price stability. After decades of trying to create moderate inflation, the bank is now concerned that inflation could overshoot its 2 percent target. A weak yen raises the cost of imported fuel, food, and raw materials, while higher global energy prices add further pressure. The bank is therefore moving from encouraging inflation to trying to prevent it from becoming too strong.

日本銀行は、単に円の価値を高めるために金利を上げているのではありません。主な責任は物価の安定です。何十年も適度なインフレを作り出そうとしたあと、今はインフレが2パーセントの目標を上回りすぎることを懸念しています。円安は輸入燃料、食品、原材料のコストを上げ、世界のエネルギー価格の上昇はさらに圧力を加えます。したがって銀行は、インフレを促すことから、それが強くなりすぎるのを防ぐことへ移っています。

This creates a difficult situation for households and small businesses. A weak yen makes imported goods more expensive, while higher rates increase mortgage payments and other borrowing costs. Businesses may then pass on some of those costs to their customers. The latest decision shows why there is no simple rule saying that higher interest rates must produce a stronger currency. Markets react to expectations, future policy, and decisions made abroad—not only to what one central bank announces today.

これは家計と中小企業にとって難しい状況を生み出します。円安は輸入品をより高くし、一方で金利の上昇は住宅ローン返済やその他の借入コストを増やします。企業はそのコストの一部を顧客に転嫁するかもしれません。今回の決定は、金利の上昇が必ずより強い通貨を生むという単純な規則がない理由を示しています。市場は期待、将来の政策、海外での決定に反応します。一つの中央銀行が今日発表することだけではありません。

Vocabulary

  1. benchmark interest rate — the main interest rate set by a central bank, which influences other borrowing and lending rates. Example: The central bank raised its benchmark interest rate to control inflation.
  2. price in — to include an expected event or change in the current price of an asset. Example: Investors may already price in a small increase in interest rates.
  3. forward guidance — information given by a central bank about the likely direction of its future policy. Example: The bank’s forward guidance suggested that rates would remain high.
  4. dissent — disagreement with an official decision or commonly accepted opinion. Example: The decision was approved despite dissent from two committee members.
  5. relative — considered in comparison with something else rather than by itself. Example: The attractiveness of an investment depends on its relative return.
  6. narrow — to become smaller or to reduce the difference between two things. Example: The wage gap between the two groups may narrow over time.
  7. overshoot — to rise above or go beyond an intended level or target. Example: Economists are concerned that inflation may overshoot the central bank’s target.
  8. borrowing cost — the amount that a person, business, or government must pay to borrow money. Example: Higher borrowing costs may discourage companies from investing.
  9. pass on — to make another person pay a cost that you have experienced. Example: The restaurant may pass on its higher food costs to customers through higher prices.

Comprehension Questions

  1. What happened to the yen after the Bank of Japan raised its interest rate?
    1. It rose sharply against every major currency.
    2. It remained fixed at the same value.
    3. It fell against the dollar.
    4. It stopped being traded.

    日本銀行が金利を引き上げたあと、円はどうなりましたか?

  2. What does it mean that the rate increase had been “priced in”?
    1. Investors had already reacted to the expected increase.
    2. The Bank of Japan had cancelled the increase.
    3. Japanese banks had lowered all their lending rates.
    4. The government had fixed the yen’s exchange rate.

    金利引き上げが「織り込まれていた」とはどういう意味ですか?

  3. Why did dissent within the policy board matter to investors?
    1. It proved that the rate increase was illegal.
    2. It suggested that future rate increases might be difficult.
    3. It required the governor to resign immediately.
    4. It caused the United States to lower its rates.

    政策委員会内の反対意見が投資家にとって重要だったのはなぜですか?

  4. Why might a Japanese rate increase fail to strengthen the yen?
    1. Japan no longer imports goods from abroad.
    2. Higher rates always make a currency weaker.
    3. Interest rates in other countries may also be rising.
    4. Currency markets do not consider interest rates.

    日本の金利引き上げが円を強くできないかもしれないのはなぜですか?

  5. What difficulty can the rate increase create for households and businesses?
    1. Imported products become free.
    2. Borrowing costs may rise while living costs are already high.
    3. Companies are prohibited from changing their prices.
    4. Mortgage payments automatically disappear.

    金利引き上げは家計と企業にどのような困難を生みうるですか?

Discussion Questions

  1. Were you surprised that the yen fell after the Bank of Japan raised interest rates?

    日本銀行が金利を引き上げたあと円が下落したことに驚きましたか?

  2. Should the Bank of Japan raise rates further to fight inflation?

    日本銀行はインフレと戦うためにさらに金利を引き上げるべきですか?

  3. Which is more harmful to households: a weak yen or higher borrowing costs?

    家計にとってより有害なのはどちらですか。円安ですか、それとも高い借入コストですか?

  4. How might higher interest rates affect small businesses?

    高い金利は中小企業にどう影響するかもしれませんか?

  5. Why is it important to compare interest rates across countries?

    国をまたいで金利を比較することが重要なのはなぜですか?

Speaking Practice

Speak for about one minute about why the yen fell after the Bank of Japan raised interest rates.

日本銀行が金利を引き上げたあと円が下落した理由について、約1分間話してください。

Include:

  • what the Bank of Japan decided

    日本銀行が何を決めたか

  • what “priced in” means

    「織り込まれている」とは何か

  • why future policy signals mattered

    将来の政策シグナルが重要だった理由

  • how higher rates can affect households or businesses

    高い金利が家計や企業にどう影響しうるか